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Zhang Jiazhen
Zhang Jiazhen (張嘉貞) (666 – September 19, 729〔(兩千年中西曆轉換 )〕), formally Marquess Gongsu of Hedong (河東恭肅侯), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. During Emperor Xuanzong's reign, he also served as a general. He was known for being capable but also being self-important during his term as chancellor.
==Background==
Zhang Jiazhen was born in 665, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. His family was from Pu Prefecture (蒲州, roughly modern Yuncheng, Shanxi), and traced its ancestry to the Jin Dynasty (265-420) chancellor Zhang Hua and his First Son (張祎) (張華 → 張祎 → 張輿 → 次惠 → 安之 → 宏策 ( 張緬 →...張九齡 Zhang Jiuling) → 絢 → 吒子 → 長度 → 俊興 → 思義 → 張俊義). who was originally from Fanyang (范陽, in modern Beijing), but his great-great-grandfather Zhang Zizha (張子吒)〔Zhang's biography in the ''New Book of Tang'' referred to his great-great-grandfather as Zhang Zizha, but the table of the chancellors' family trees in the ''New Book of Tang'' referred to his great-great-grandfather as Zhang Zhazi, inverting the two characters. Compare ''New Book of Tang'', (vol. 127 ) with ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 72.()()〕 served as the secretary general of Hedong Commandery (河東, roughly modern Yuncheng, later converted into Pu Prefecture) for Tang Dynasty's predecessor Sui Dynasty, and therefore relocated his family to Hedong. Zhang Jiazhen's great-grandfather Zhang Changdu (張長度), grandfather Zhang Junxing (張俊興), and father Zhang Siyi (張思義) all served as minor officials for Tang.〔''New Book of Tang'', vol. 72.〕 He had at least one younger brother, Zhang Jiayou (張嘉祐), and as Zhang Siyi died early, Zhang Jiazhen and Zhang Jiayou supported each other in their youths.
Zhang Jiazhen passed the imperial examinations in his youth and was made the magistrate of Pingxiang County (平鄉, in modern Xingtai, Hebei), but was removed from office for an offense unspecified in historical accounts. He then returned home to Pu Prefecture. During the ''Chang'an'' era (701-705) of Emperor Gaozong's wife Wu Zetian, there was an occasion when the imperial censor Zhang Xunxian (張循憲) was ordered to examine Hedong Circuit (河東道, roughly modern Shanxi), when he encountered some cases that were difficult for him to decide. He thus asked the local officials, "Is there anyone here who is intelligent whom I can consult?" A local official recommended Zhang Jiazhen, and Zhang Xunxian consulted him. Zhang Jiazhen surprised Zhang Xunxian with his ability to analyze the situation and come up with the correct resolutions. He thus had Zhang Jiazhen draft his report to Wu Zetian as well. After Zhang Xunxian returned to the capital Luoyang, Wu Zetian was impressed by the quality of the report. Zhang Xunxian informed her that it was Zhang Jiazhen who drafted it for him, and offered to give his office to Zhang Jiazhen. She responded, "Do I not have an office for the capable?" She summoned Zhang Jiazhen to Luoyang and met with him personally. She was impressed with him, and thus made him an imperial censor; she also promoted Zhang Xunxian for his ability to find Zhang Jiazhen.〔The ''Zizhi Tongjian'' placed this event in 702, although it is not clear whether that was the actual year. See ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 207.〕 Zhang Jiazhen subsequently successively served as a low-level official at the ministry of defense (兵部員外郎, ''Bingbu Yuanwailang''),〔As to be discussed below, historical accounts indicated that at one point Zhang Jiazhen was the subordinate of Zhang Shuo when Zhang Shuo was the deputy minister of defense. As Zhang Shuo served as the deputy minister of defense during the second reign of Wu Zetian's son Emperor Zhongzong (r. 705-710), Zhang Jiazhen's stint at the ministry of defense was likely at that time as well, although it is not completely clear. See ''Old Book of Tang'', (vol. 97 ) (Shuo's biography ).〕 when he became known for his abilities; ''Zhongshu Sheren'' (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, ''Zhongshu Sheng''); the commandant at Liang Prefecture (梁州, roughly modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and then Qin Prefecture (秦州, roughly modern Tianshui, Gansu); and then the secretary general at Bing Prefecture (并州, roughly modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). He became known for strictness in his governance, and his subordinates feared him.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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